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17 July 2009 

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The Islamic Republic of Iran has been under intense international scrutiny for its nuclear program. While most of the attention has been on uranium enrichment, which could lead to nuclear weapons, Iran is also becoming a nuclear power generator.

In this five-part series, VOA's Jeffrey Young starts with a look at the most serious nuclear power accidents in history. Then, the safety of design of Iran's Bushehr power plant is examined, followed by a look at the training being provided to Bushehr's operators. The fourth segment looks at whether Bushehr is a factor in nuclear proliferation concerns, while the final segment focuses on other Iranian facilities many experts are concerned could be used for nuclear weapons production.


The Three Mile Island nuclear power plant is in an agricultural region of Pennsylvania
Safety at Center of Nuclear Power Operations Worldwide  Video clip available
Nuclear power generation has been impacted, improved by several significant accidents in Europe and the United States.
Iran's nuclear power plant at Bushehr
Bushehr Design: Russian, But Not Chernobyl  Video clip available
Plant, in southern Iranian city of Bushehr, may become operational later this year
A general view shows the reactor building of the Bushehr nuclear power plant in southern Iran (File)
Iranian-Run Bushehr Plant has IAEA Oversight  Video clip available
Russia, International Atomic Energy Agency plan to monitor Iran's first nuclear power facility
The Bushehr nuclear power plant in southern Iran while under construction (file)
Iranian Nuclear Quest Raises Proliferation Concerns  Video clip available
Facilities at Natanz and Arak suspected to be weapons production sites
Iran's President Ahmadinejad and others gather for the opening of the Isfahan nuclear fuel processing plant (file)
Iran’s Bushehr Nuclear Plant Adds to Proliferation Concerns  Video clip available
Power plant, however, does have safeguards against improper fuel use
 

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IMAGE 1
Pripyat, Ukraine. This is the more than 50,000 population "workers city" for Chernobyl that received massive radiation from the 1986 accident and had to be permanently abandoned due to pervasive nuclear contamination. Pripyat has been crumbling into ruins for 23 years, helped by scavengers who have looted what people had to leave behind.

IMAGE 2
Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP), Ukraine. The reactor that exploded, unit #4, can be seen within the rectangle in the upper left of the shot. #4 has been covered over by a blue "sarcophagus." In the lower right of this shot, one can see one completed cooling tower and the base for another one. These towers were for units #5 and #6, which were never built to completion after the 1986 accident.  

IMAGE 3
Three Mile Island NPP (nuclear power plant), PA. Note in the shot that you can see that two cooling towers, for reactor 32, have no steam. This is the reactor that had the accident in 1979 and was shut down permanently. The other two cooling towers, to the north, are steaming away because they're connected to reactor #1, which remains in operation. There was only a limited evacuation, lasting several days, of the populated area immediately to the east of the TMI plant.

IMAGE 4
Bushehr NPP, Iran. There are actually two reactor facilities that can be seen there. One was completed and will shortly begin operations. The other was badly damaged during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war, and was never completed. The facility that will operate is to the northwest of the other. Both are close to the water in the center of the Bushehr facility.

IMAGE 5
This is the Natanz uranium enrichment facility.

IMAGE 6
This closeup shows an area within the Natanz facility where there has been significant excavation. This is what has led some analysts to say that Iran is burying part of Natanz deep underground to protect the uranium enrichment operation from attack, especially from the air.

IMAGE 7
This closeup shows one of the numerous surface-to-air missile defensive batteries that surround Natanz. As the shot indicates, this battery has three missile launchers.

IMAGE 8
This is a shot of the overall Arak facility, with the uncompleted reactor in the upper left of the compound, and the heavy-water plant to the lower right of the reactor.

IMAGE 9
Arak reactor. This shot is a closeup of the heavy-water reactor being built. The shot was taken perhaps two to three years ago. Now, the Arak reactor is enclosed in a huge structure to prevent further aerial reconnaissance of the site.

IMAGE 10
Arak heavy-water plant. This facility makes the heavy water, or deuterium, needed to run the reactor and produce plutonium.