VOICE ONE: I’m Sarah Long. VOICE TWO: And I’m Steve Ember with the VOA Special English program PEOPLE IN
AMERICA. Today, we tell the story of Jack Benny. He was one of
America’s best-loved funnymen during the twentieth century. (MUSIC) VOICE ONE: Jack Benny was one of the most famous names in show business for
more than fifty years. He started as a serious musician, before he
discovered he could make people laugh. Jack Benny became famous nationwide in the nineteen thirties as a
result of his weekly radio program. His programs were among the most
popular on American radio, and later on television. Jack Benny won the hearts of Americans by making fun of himself. He
was known not as someone who said funny things, but as someone who said
things in a funny way. VOICE TWO: Jack Benny was born in Chicago, Illinois, on February fourteenth, eighteen ninety-four. His parents, Meyer and Emma Kubelsky, were
religious Jews. They had moved to the United States from eastern
Europe. They named their first child Benjamin. Benjamin Kubelsky and his family lived in Waukeegan , Illinois. Benjamin was a quiet boy. For much of the time, his parents were busy
working in his father’s store. As a child, Benjamin, or Benny as his
friends called him, learned to play the violin. Benny was such a good
violin player that, for a time, he wanted to become a musician. VOICE ONE: While in school, Benny got a job as a violin player with the
Barrison Theater, the local vaudeville house. Vaudeville was the most
popular form of show business in the United States in the early nineteen hundreds. Vaudeville shows presented short plays, singers,
comedians who made people laugh and other acts. Benny worked at the Barrison Theater -- sometimes during school
hours. He left high school before completing his studies. The piano
player for the theater was a former vaudeville performer named Cora
Salisbury. For a short time, she and Benny formed their own performing
act. Later, he and another piano player had their own act. At first, Benny changed his name to Ben K. Benny. However, that
name was similar to another actor who played a violin. So, he chose
the name Jack Benny. (MUSIC) VOICE TWO: The United States entered World War One in nineteen seventeen. Benny joined the Navy and reported to the Great Lakes Naval Station. He continued using his violin to perform for sailors at the naval
station. In one show, he was chosen more for his funny jokes than for
his skill with the violin. That experience made him believe that his
future job was as a comedian, not in music. VOICE ONE: After leaving the Navy, Benny returned to vaudeville. His
performances won him considerable popularity during the nineteen twenties. He traveled across the country with other well-known
performers, including the Marx Brothers. In Nineteen Twenty-Seven, Benny married Sadie Marks, a sales girl
from the May Company store in Los Angeles. Missus Benny soon became
part of the traveling show. She used the name Mary Livingstone. Jack Benny appeared in a few Hollywood films, but then left
California and moved to New York. He had a leading part in the
Broadway show, “Vanities.” VOICE TWO: Benny made his first appearance on radio in Nineteen Thirty-Two. He
was invited to appear on a radio show presented by newspaper reporter
Ed Sullivan. Benny opened with this announcement: “Ladies and gentlemen, this is Jack Benny talking. There will be a short break while you say, who cares?” However, many listeners did care. Within a short period, Benny had his own radio show. It continued for twenty-three years. ANNOUNCER: “The Jack Benny Program, starring Jack Benny, with Mary Livingstone, Phil Harris, Rochester, Dennis Day, and yours truly, Don Wilson ... ” (MUSIC) VOICE ONE: Jack Benny developed a show business personality that had all the
qualities people dislike. He was known for being so stingy he refused
to spend any of his money, unless forced to do so. He always was
concerned about money. For example, he would put on a jeweler’s glass
to examine the diamond on a wealthy woman he had just met. In another example, a robber points a gun at Benny. (JACK BENNY PROGRAM) ROBBER: “This is a stick-up.” BENNY: “Mister, put down that gun.” ROBBER: “Shut up. I said this is a stick-up. Now, come on. Your money or your life.” (LAUGHTER) ROBBER: “Look, bud. I said, your money or your life!” BENNY: “I’m thinking it over.” (LAUGHTER / MUSIC) VOICE TWO: On his shows, Jack Benny often spoke of his appearance, especially
his baby blue eyes. As he grew older, he always claimed to be
thirty-nine years old. Benny was known as a comedian with great timing. He seemed to know
the perfect time to tell a joke and when to remain silent. The way he
looked at other actors and his use of body movements were world
famous. He also was skilled at using his violin to make people laugh. VOICE ONE: Jack Benny was one of the first comedians who was willing to let
other people share some of the laughs. He rarely made jokes that hurt
other people. Instead, he would let the other actors on the show tell
jokes about him. Many of the actors in Benny’s show became almost as famous as he
was. They would criticize Benny’s refusal to replace his ancient
automobile. They made fun of the pay telephone that he added to his
house. This is a telephone discussion between Benny and his trusted employee, Rochester. BENNY: “Hello …” ROCHESTER: “Hello, Mister Benny. This is Rochester …” (APPLAUSE) BENNY: “Rochester, I’m in the middle of the program.” ROCHESTER: “I know, boss, but this is very important. The man from
the life insurance company was here about that policy you’re taking out
and he asked me a lot of questions.” BENNY: “Well, I hope you answered them right.” ROCHESTER: “Oh, I did. When he asked me your height, I said five-foot-ten.” BENNY: “Uh, huh.” ROCHESTER: “Your weight, one-hundred-sixty-four.” BENNY: “Uh, huh.” ROCHESTER: “Your age, thirty-nine.” BENNY: “Uh, huh.” ROCHESTER: “We had quite a roundtable discussion on that one.” (LAUGHTER) BENNY: “Wait a minute, Rochester. Why should there be any question about my age?” ROCHESTER: “Oh, it wasn’t a question. It was the answer we had trouble with.” (LAUGHTER) VOICE TWO:
Jack Benny said: “The show itself is the important thing. As long as people think the show is funny, it does not matter who tells the jokes.” He also made fun of the paid announcements broadcast during his radio show that were designed to sell products. They often provided some of the funniest moments in the show.
Most performers never would make fun of the businesses that helped pay for the show.
VOICE ONE: Over the years, Jack Benny did well financially. In nineteen forty-eight, he moved his show from the National Broadcasting Company
to the Columbia Broadcasting System. As part of the agreement, CBS
paid more than two million dollars to a company in which Benny had a
controlling interest. Much later, the Music Corporation of America bought Benny’s
production company. Benny received almost three million dollars in MCA
stock shares. In real life, he was the opposite of the person he played in his
show. He was known to be very giving and someone people liked having
as their employer. He also could play the violin very well. VOICE TWO: Jack Benny entered the new medium of television in nineteen fifty. Five years later, he dropped his radio program to spend more time
developing his television show. At first, his appearances on
television were rare. By nineteen sixty, the Benny show was a weekly
television program. It continued until nineteen sixty-five. Benny appeared in about twenty films during his life. A few became
popular. But most were not. In nineteen sixty-three, Benny returned
to Broadway for the first time since nineteen thirty-one. He performed
to large crowds. VOICE ONE: Jack Benny received many awards during his lifetime. The
publication “Motion Picture Daily” voted him the country’s best radio
comedian four times. In nineteen fifty-seven, he won a special award
from the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for the best
continuing performance. He also won the Academy’s television award for
the best comedy series in nineteen fifty-nine. Perhaps the one honor that pleased him most was that his hometown of
Waukeegan named a school for him. This was a special honor for a man
who had never finished high school. VOICE TWO: Jack Benny continued to perform and to do a few television specials
after his weekly series ended. He died of cancer on December
twenty-sixth, nineteen seventy-four. His friend, comedian Bob Hope,
spoke at the funeral about the loss felt by Benny’s friends and fans. He said: “Jack Benny was stingy to the end. He gave us only eighty
years.” (MUSIC) VOICE ONE: This Special English program was written by and produced by George Grow. I’m Sarah Long. VOICE TWO: And I’m Steve Ember. Join us again next week for another PEOPLE IN AMERICA program on the Voice of America.
