The authors of a new book on the Islamic State group say it has been making use of a high-technology application that’s been around for several years, but is relatively unknown in the United States - even though the company is based in Austin, Texas.
“On the ground in ISIS-controlled areas, one of the things they use is an application called Zello,” Hassan Hassan told VOA's Mohamed Elshinnawi. Hassan and Michael D. Weiss are the authors of ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror.
Part social media, part phone and part radio, Zello turns an iPhone or iPad, Android device, Blackberry, PC or Windows mobile device into a walkie-talkie at the push of an on-screen button.
Zello uses a small bandwidth and minimal battery power, which makes it ideal for use in remote locations. It also can be paired with traditional two-way radios.
Real-time conversations
The application allows users to hold single conversations in real time -- or broadcast voice messages to large groups. Its range stretches as far as a phone or computer’s data connection.
“You can actually listen to sermons delivered by ISIS clerics,” Hassan said in an interview with VOA, using an acronym for the Islamist group. “Children usually use the application because it’s fancy. They can actually listen to sermons, without their parents watching, and they get driven toward ISIS because of these sermons.”
In their book, Hassan and Weiss relate the story of a 14-year-old boy working in southern Turkey, who in October 2014 crossed into Syria to fight with Islamic State militants. His father later told reporters his son had been seduced to jihad after listening to sermons on Zello channels set up by Islamic State members.
VOA found dozens of Zello channels belonging to supporters of the Islamic State group, including one calling itself “The State of the Islamic Caliphate,” which has more than 10,000 members and nearly 50 moderators.
Zello has been used in other parts of the world, as well.
Similar to other so-called "push-to-talk" cellphone applications like Voxer or iMessage, Zello operates across multiple platforms in 22 languages, including Arabic. It allows users to share messages or save them for later playback. And it accomodates multiple channels.
Like Twitter and other social media apps, Zello has helped activists and protesters across the world communicate under the radar of their respective governments.
It powered Venezuela’s protests in 2014, and, as VOA’s Ukrainian Service reported last year, has been popular among pro-Russia separatists in Ukraine's east.
'Ideal for organizing'
Zello’s CEO Bill Moore said he wasn’t surprised to hear that the technology was popular among protesters.
“When we thought about it, it made perfect sense because it’s a communication that works well, typically over poor networks,” Moore said. “It’s ideal for organizing and communicating. And it’s also anonymous, which is good and bad. It means that there’s no identity that has been validated by Zello or anybody else, so users can have confidence that their conversations are private.”
Moore said he had not heard that Zello is popular among Islamic State fighters, but added “it’s terrible that Zello is used for evil.”
Zello is putting “a fair amount of effort,” Moore said, “into figuring out ways to minimalize the app’s use by “bad guys…so that only healthy conversations can flourish.”
